Living Environment Regents Practice Test

What is the primary role of ATP in biological organisms?

1. Storing genetic information

2. Facilitating diffusion of substances

3. Transmitting nerve signals

4. Actively transporting molecules

The correct answer is: Actively transporting molecules

The primary role of ATP (adenosine triphosphate) in biological organisms is to provide energy for various cellular processes, including active transport. Active transport involves the movement of molecules across cell membranes against their concentration gradient, which requires energy. This energy is derived from ATP, allowing cells to transport essential substances into and out of the cell, maintaining homeostasis and proper cellular function. While ATP does play roles in other biological processes such as those involved with transmitting nerve signals and facilitating biochemical reactions, its most crucial function is as an energy currency that supports active transport mechanisms. Storing genetic information is mainly the function of nucleic acids like DNA, not ATP, which underscores the unique and vital role that ATP plays in cellular activities.